Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, muaj ntau thiab ntau hom tshiab alloys. Nov yog qee qhov tseem ceeb.
lub teeb alloys
Aluminium lithium alloy muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb (tawg lub zog / ntom), siab nruj nruj thiab tsis tshua muaj txheeb ze. Yog tias nws siv los ua cov khoom siv dav hlau niaj hnub no, cov neeg caij dav hlau loj tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm 50 kg. Coj Boeing 747 ua piv txwv. Rau txhua 1kg txo, nws tuaj yeem khwv tau 2000 las ib xyoos. Titanium alloy yog sib zog dua hlau, corrosion resistant, nonmagnetic, thiab muaj zog siab. Nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau aviation thiab naval ships.
Hydrogen cia alloy
Vim muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj roj thiab thee, thiab ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug los ntawm kev siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov roj av thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 1970s, hydrogen ua cov roj huv tshiab tau dhau los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb hotspot. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob hydrogen, hydrogen cia thiab kev thauj mus los yog qhov tseem ceeb txuas. Xyoo 1969, Philips ntawm Netherlands tau tsim LaNi5 hydrogen cia alloy, uas tuaj yeem nqus tau thiab tso tawm ntau cov hydrogen reversibly. Qhov ceev ntawm hydrogen nyob rau hauv nws alloy hydride LaNi5H6 yog sib npaug rau cov kua hydrogen, txog 1000 npaug ntawm hydrogen.
Hydrogen cia alloy yog ib qho alloy uas muaj ob qho tshwj xeeb hlau, ib qho tuaj yeem nqus tau cov hydrogen ntau los tsim cov hydride ruaj khov, thaum lwm cov hlau muaj qhov sib txuam me me nrog hydrogen, tab sis hydrogen yooj yim txav hauv nws. Mg, Ca, Ti, Zr, Y thiab La yog cov thawj hlau, thaum Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu thiab Zn yog cov hlau thib ob. Lub qub tswj cov nyiaj ntawm hydrogen khaws cia, thaum lub tom kawg tswj cov reversibility ntawm hydrogen tso tawm. Los ntawm kev npaj tsim nyog ntawm ob, hydrogen nqus thiab desorption zog ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem hloov kho los npaj cov khoom siv hydrogen zoo tagnrho uas tuaj yeem thim rov qab nqus thiab tso tawm hydrogen ntawm chav tsev kub.
Superalloy
Nickel cobalt alloy tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub ntawm 1200 degree thiab tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv dav hlau dav hlau thiab roj turbines. Ni Co Fe non-magnetic heat-resistant alloy tseem muaj zog thiab zoo toughness ntawm 1200 degree, uas yuav siv tau rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw shuttles thiab tswj rods ntawm atomic reactors. Nws tseem yog cov kev tshawb fawb kev taw qhia yav tom ntej los nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv alloy uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, kev ua haujlwm ntev (ntau tshaj 10000 h), corrosion kuj thiab siab zog.
