Thawj lithium ore, lithium permeable feldspar (LiAlSi4O10), tau pom los ntawm Brazilians ntawm Swedish Island Ut ö hauv xyoo 1890. Thaum nws muab pov rau hauv hluav taws, nws yuav emit ib tug muaj zog crimson nplaim taws. Johan August Arfvedson ntawm Stockholm tau tshuaj xyuas nws thiab txiav txim siab tias nws muaj cov hlau tsis paub yav dhau los. Nws hu ua lithium. Nws pom tau hais tias nws yog ib qho tshiab alkali hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li sodium, nws tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm electrolysis. Xyoo 1821, William Brande electrolyzed me me ntawm lithium, tab sis qhov no tsis txaus rau kev sim. Nws tsis yog txog xyoo 1855 uas Robert Bunsen, kws tshuaj German, thiab Augustus Matthiessen, kws tshuaj Askiv Askiv, tau txais cov lithium ntau los ntawm electrolysis ntawm lithium chloride. Lo lus Askiv rau lithium los ntawm Greek lithos, uas txhais tau tias "pob zeb". Thawj lub suab ntawm Lithos yog pronounced "Li". Vim nws yog hlau, ntxiv radical "Project" rau sab laug. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lithium nyob rau hauv lub crust yog ntau tsawg tshaj li ntawm cov poov tshuaj thiab sodium [2], thiab nws cov tebchaw yog tsawg, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb inevitable uas lithium twb nrhiav tau tom qab poov tshuaj thiab sodium. Xyoo thib ob tom qab tshawb pom lithium, nws tau rov txheeb xyuas thiab lees paub los ntawm Fab Kis tus kws tshuaj Vokland.
Lithium, atomic tooj 3, atomic hnyav 6.941, yog lub teeb tshaj alkali hlau. Lub npe lub npe los ntawm Greek, uas yog Ameslikas txhais tau tias "pob zeb". Xyoo 1817, nws tau tshawb pom los ntawm Swedish tus kws tshawb fawb Avwecong thaum soj ntsuam cov lithium feldspar deposit. Lub ntsiab lithium minerals nyob rau hauv cov xwm yog spodumene, lepidolite, tremolite thiab phosphorite. Lithium muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj lub cev, av thiab ntxhia dej, cocoa hmoov, luam yeeb nplooj thiab seaweed. Ntuj lithium muaj ob isotopes: lithium-6 thiab lithium-7.
Lithium hlau yog cov nyiaj dawb lub teeb hlau; Melting point: 180.54 ° C, boiling point: 1342 ° C, ceev: 0.534 g/cm ³, Hardness 0.6. Lithium hlau yog soluble hauv kua ammonia. Tsis zoo li lwm cov hlau alkali, lithium reacts maj mam nrog dej ntawm chav tsev kub, tab sis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog nitrogen los ua cov pob zeb dub lithium nitride. Cov tsis muaj zog acid ntsev ntawm lithium yog tsis yooj yim soluble hauv dej. Ntawm cov alkali hlau chlorides, tsuas yog lithium chloride yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv organic solvents. Cov nplaim hluav taws kub nyhiab ntawm lithium yog xim liab, uas tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas lithium. Lithium tau yooj yim ua ke nrog oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua deoxidizer hauv kev lag luam metallurgical. Lithium kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib feem ntawm cov hlau lead raws li alloys thiab lub teeb alloys xws li beryllium, magnesium thiab txhuas. Lithium muaj cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam atomic zog.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2018, pab pawg tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau coj los ntawm National Astronomical Observatory ntawm Suav Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau pom lub cev txawv txawv ntawm lub cev nyob rau ntawm cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb loj LAMOST. Nws cov ntsiab lus lithium yog kwv yees li 3000 npaug ntawm lub cev zoo li lub hnub qub, thiab nws cov lithium lithium abundance yog siab li 4.51, ua rau nws lub hnub qub uas muaj lithium ntau tshaj plaws paub rau noob neej. Qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb no tau luam tawm hauv online hauv phau ntawv xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb Nature Astronomy thaum sawv ntxov lub Yim Hli 7, lub sijhawm Beijing [1].
