Lithium, cov khoom siv tshuaj, yog cov hlau uas muaj zog hlau ua haujlwm (cesium yog cov hlau tshaj plaws). Nws cov cim tshuaj yog Li, thiab nws tus lej atomic yog 3. Ob ntawm peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau muab faib rau hauv K txheej, thiab lwm qhov yog nyob rau hauv L txheej. Lithium yog lub teeb tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov hlau. Vim nws cov nqi siab thiab ruaj khov helium hom ob txheej electron, lithium yooj yim rau polarize lwm cov molecules lossis ions, tab sis tsis yog nws tus kheej. Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau stability ntawm nws thiab nws cov tebchaw.
Txawm hais tias tus qauv hydrogen muaj peev xwm ntawm lithium yog qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws, ncav cuag -3.045, lithium hydroxide solubility tsis loj thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv exothermic ntawm lithium thiab dej tsis tuaj yeem yaj lithium, yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lithium thiab dej tsis zoo li. nruj raws li sodium. Tom qab ib lub sijhawm, cov yeeb yaj kiab nitrogen oxide ntawm lithium nto yog yaj, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav dua. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau react nrog hydrogen ntawm li 500 degree los tsim lithium hydride. Nws yog tib qho alkali hlau uas tuaj yeem tsim hydride uas ruaj khov txaus kom yaj yam tsis muaj decomposition. Nws lub zog ionization yog 5.392eV. Nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov pa oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog cov hlau alkali nkaus xwb uas tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog nitrogen ntawm chav tsev kub kom tsim tau lithium nitride (Li ｜ N). Darkened los ntawm oxidation. Yog tias lithium raug pov rau hauv cov concentrated sulfuric acid, nws yuav ntab sai sai ntawm sulfuric acid, hlawv thiab tawg. Yog tias lithium thiab potassium chlorate sib xyaw (vibrated lossis hauv av), nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau tawg.
